I mostly work on flat surfaces. However, I prefer making three-dimensional work whenever I find myself in a deep emotional place. Working on forms rather than shapes, often in connection with repetitive work steps, has a revitalizing and soothing quality for me: 3D allows me to view, feel, hold, or even embrace the subject matter literally from all sides. 

For my assemblages and other sculptural work I use authentic vintage and antique items, found objects, and handmade components, just as I choose printed paper only from original sources for my collage work. The assemblage pieces are built with invisible internal structures which are held together with sturdy hardware, wires and threads.